Thomas Jefferson (1743 – 1826) was a Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third president of the United States (1801 – 1809). A champion of democracy and individual rights, he played a crucial role in shaping the young nation’s political philosophy and territorial expansion.
Born in Virginia, Jefferson studied law at the College of William & Mary and became a leader in the American Revolution. In 1776, he drafted the Declaration of Independence, asserting the ideals of liberty and self-government. He later served as the first U.S. secretary of state under George Washington and as vice president under John Adams before winning the presidency in 1800.
As president, Jefferson oversaw the Louisiana Purchase (1803), doubling the nation’s size, and commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition. He prioritized limited government but faced challenges, including conflicts with Britain and the controversial Embargo Act of 1807, which hurt the economy.
After leaving office, he founded the University of Virginia, promoting education as essential to democracy. Despite advocating freedom, he owned slaves, a contradiction that continues to spark debate. He died on July 4, 1826, the same day as John Adams, leaving a legacy of intellectual leadership and national expansion that shaped American history.