Socrates (c. 470 – 399 BC) was a Greek philosopher and the father of Western philosophy. Known for his method of questioning, he profoundly influenced ethics, epistemology, and political thought despite leaving no writings of his own.
Born in Athens, Socrates served in the military before dedicating himself to philosophy. He engaged in public debates, challenging assumptions through the Socratic method, which sought to expose contradictions and stimulate critical thinking. His ideas, preserved mainly through Plato’s dialogues, emphasized self-examination and the pursuit of virtue.
Socrates was a controversial figure in Athens. In 399 BC, he was accused of corrupting the youth and impiety. He defended himself in The Apology, arguing that seeking truth benefited society. Found guilty, he chose death over exile, drinking hemlock as his disciples mourned.
His legacy endures in philosophy, law, and education. Figures from Aristotle to modern thinkers continue to grapple with his insights, making him one of history’s most enduring intellectuals.