Plotinus (c. 204 – 270 AD) was a Greek philosopher and the founder of Neoplatonism. His ideas on metaphysics and the nature of reality influenced later Christian, Islamic, and Jewish thought. His teachings were recorded in The Enneads, compiled by his student Porphyry.
Born in Roman Egypt, Plotinus studied under Ammonius Saccas in Alexandria before moving to Rome, where he taught philosophy. He proposed a hierarchical structure of existence, with The One as the highest principle, followed by Intellectand Soul. His philosophy emphasized spiritual ascent through contemplation and self-purification.
Plotinus rejected materialism, believing the physical world was an imperfect reflection of a higher reality. His ideas laid the foundation for medieval and Renaissance philosophy, shaping Western and Eastern mystical traditions. His profound influence persists in discussions on metaphysics and the nature of the soul.