Jose Rizal (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer, and revolutionary whose works inspired the Philippine independence movement. A polymath and physician, he authored Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891), novels that exposed Spanish colonial abuses.
Born in Calamba, Rizal studied in Manila before moving to Madrid, Paris, and Heidelberg, where he trained as an ophthalmologist. Fluent in 22 languages, he also wrote poetry and essays advocating reforms under Spanish rule. His activism led to his exile in Dapitan and later execution in Manila.
Despite not directly participating in the Philippine Revolution, Rizal’s ideas fueled resistance against Spain. He is regarded as the country’s national hero, his writings forming the foundation of modern Filipino identity. His legacy endures in education, literature, and the nation’s pursuit of freedom.