John Greenleaf Whittier (December 17, 1807 – September 7, 1892) was an American Quaker poet and abolitionist. As one of the Fireside Poets, he used poetry to promote social causes, particularly the anti-slavery movement. His best-known work, Snow-Bound (1866), remains a classic of 19th-century American literature.
Born in Haverhill, Massachusetts, Whittier was raised in a Quaker household that emphasized humanitarian values. Though he had little formal education, he developed a passion for literature. Encouraged by editor William Lloyd Garrison, he pursued poetry and became involved in abolitionist activism. His 1833 pamphlet Justice and Expediency marked his full commitment to the cause, leading to a career in journalism and political advocacy.
Whittier played a key role in the founding of the Liberty Party and contributed to anti-slavery publications. He faced threats and violence for his activism, but his poetry remained a powerful tool in rallying support. After the Civil War, he shifted to reflective poetry, exploring themes of nature and faith.
He died in 1892, leaving behind a legacy of literary excellence and moral conviction. His work continues to be celebrated for its lyrical beauty and commitment to justice.