Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German writer, philosopher, and scientist, considered one of the most influential figures in world literature. His literary contributions shaped German Romanticism and extended into drama, poetry, novels, and scientific discourse. His masterpieces include The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship (1795 – 96), and Faust (1808, 1832).
Born in Frankfurt, Goethe displayed early intellectual curiosity. He studied law at Leipzig and Strasbourg but turned to writing. His early success with Werther brought him fame, and in 1775 he moved to Weimar, where he served as a statesman. He played a key role in Weimar Classicism, collaborating with Friedrich Schiller and contributing to German intellectual culture.
Goethe’s scientific pursuits included theories on plant metamorphosis and color perception, challenging Newton’s optics. His philosophical reflections influenced thinkers like Hegel and Nietzsche. His poetry inspired composers such as Beethoven, Schubert, and Wagner.
In his later years, Goethe completed Faust, his magnum opus. He continued writing and engaging in scientific studies until his death in 1832. His works remain foundational to Western literature, embodying a synthesis of art, science, and philosophy.