Hattie McDaniel (June 10, 1893 – October 26, 1952) was an American actress, singer, and comedian, best known for her role as Mammy in Gone with the Wind (1939), making her the first Black actor to win an Academy Award. Over her career, she appeared in over 300 films, though she received on-screen credit for only 83. She was also a successful radio performer and the first Black woman to sing on U.S. radio.
Born in Wichita, Kansas, to formerly enslaved parents, McDaniel grew up in Colorado and pursued a career in entertainment. She started in vaudeville, recorded blues music, and later moved to Hollywood, initially working as a maid while seeking film roles. Her comedic talents earned her recognition in films like Alice Adams (1935) and Show Boat (1936).
Despite success, McDaniel faced racism and criticism. She was barred from the Gone with the Wind premiere in Atlanta due to segregation and sat at a segregated table at the Oscars. Some Black activists criticized her for playing stereotypical roles, but she argued that Black actors needed representation.
Later, she became the first Black woman to star in a radio show, Beulah. However, her career declined due to health issues, and she passed away in 1952 from breast cancer. Her final wish to be buried in Hollywood Cemetery was denied due to segregation, but her legacy remains as a trailblazer for Black actors.