Geronimo (1829 – 1909) was an Apache warrior and spiritual leader, known for his resistance against Mexican and U.S. military forces. A fierce defender of his people, he led raids and breakouts from reservations, becoming one of the most recognized figures in Native American resistance history.
Born in present-day New Mexico, he was originally named Goyathlay, meaning “the one who yawns”. His hatred toward Mexicans grew after soldiers killed his family in 1851, fueling his relentless fight against both Mexican and American forces. From 1850 to 1886, he led raids across Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico, resisting forced relocation to reservations.
After multiple surrenders and escapes, Geronimo finally surrendered in 1886 to U.S. forces under General Nelson Miles. He and his followers were exiled as prisoners of war, first to Florida, then Alabama, and finally Oklahoma. Despite captivity, he gained fame, appearing at World's Fairs and even in Theodore Roosevelt’s 1905 inaugural parade.
He died in 1909, regretting his surrender. His legacy remains a symbol of Native American resilience, inspiring books, films, and cultural references worldwide.