Franz Kafka (1883 – 1924) was an Austrian-Czech writer, considered one of the most influential figures in 20th-century literature. His works blend realism and surrealism, often depicting alienation, absurdity, and existential anxiety. The term "Kafkaesque" describes nightmarish, bureaucratic oppression similar to themes in his novels.
Born in Prague to a German-speaking Jewish family, he studied law and worked in an insurance office, writing in his free time. His complex relationship with his domineering father influenced much of his work. He was engaged several times but never married.
His most famous works include The Metamorphosis, The Trial, and The Castle, published posthumously by Max Brod, despite Kafka’s wish to destroy them. He died of tuberculosis in 1924, largely unknown. After World War II, his reputation grew, shaping modern existential and absurdist literature. His legacy endures, influencing writers, filmmakers, and philosophers worldwide.