Francis of Assisi (c. 1181 – 1226) was an Italian friar, mystic, and founder of the Franciscan Order. Renouncing his wealthy background, he embraced poverty and preaching, becoming one of Christianity’s most revered figures.
Born Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone in Assisi, he was the son of a wealthy merchant. After a brief military career, a spiritual vision led him to abandon material wealth. In 1209, he founded the Franciscan Order, emphasizing humility, service, and love for nature. His mission extended beyond Italy: he attempted to convert Sultan al-Kamil during the Fifth Crusade (1219).
He introduced the first live nativity scene (1223) and, according to tradition, received the stigmata (1224). Canonized in 1228, he is the patron saint of animals and ecology. His teachings on simplicity and compassion remain influential, inspiring religious and environmental movements worldwide.