Edmund Burke (1729 – 1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman, philosopher, and writer, regarded as a key figure in modern conservatism. A member of the Whig Party, he served in the British Parliament (1766 – 1794) and became known for his views on constitutionalism, liberty, and tradition.
Born in Dublin, he was educated at Trinity College before moving to London to study law. He soon turned to writing, gaining prominence with A Vindication of Natural Society (1756). As an MP, he supported American colonists' grievances but opposed full independence. He advocated for Catholic emancipation and led the impeachment of Warren Hastings for corruption in India.
His most famous work, Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), condemned the French Revolution, warning of its radicalism and the dangers of mob rule. His critique shaped conservative thought, influencing both British and American politics. While many Whigs supported the revolution, he broke with his party, aligning with conservatives.
In his later years, he defended monarchy, social hierarchy, and gradual reform, fearing unchecked democracy. He died in 1797, leaving a legacy that continues to shape political philosophy. His writings remain foundational in conservative and liberal thought alike.