Constantin Brancusi (1876–1957) was a Romanian sculptor, painter, and photographer known as a pioneer of modernism. His innovative approach to form and abstraction made him one of the most influential sculptors of the 20th century.
Born in Hobita, Romania, he showed early talent in woodcarving and later studied at the Bucharest School of Fine Arts. Seeking artistic freedom, he moved to Paris in 1904, enrolling at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. He briefly worked in Auguste Rodin’s studio but left, saying, "Nothing can grow under big trees".
His works evolved towards simplification, focusing on geometric purity. Pieces like Sleeping Muse, The Kiss, and Bird in Space demonstrated his shift from representational to abstract art. Bird in Space caused controversy in 1926, when U.S. customs refused to classify it as art. A legal case ensued, ultimately affirming abstract art’s legitimacy.
Brancusi’s Endless Column (1938) in Targu Jiu honored Romanian soldiers of World War I. He lived in France but remained connected to Romanian heritage. His studio was later preserved in Paris, showcasing his legacy. He died in 1957, leaving a profound influence on modern sculpture.