Alfred Jarry (1873 – 1907) was a French writer and playwright, best known for Ubu Roi (1896), a play that influenced Dadaism, Surrealism, and the Theatre of the Absurd. He also coined the concept of ‘pataphysics’, an absurdist take on philosophy.
Born in Laval, France, Jarry excelled in literature but lived an eccentric, bohemian lifestyle. He gained early recognition with works blending satire and absurdity. Ubu Roi, based on a school parody, sparked scandal with its crude humor and surreal tone. Though its first performance caused an uproar, he embraced the character of Ubu, mimicking his speech and mannerisms.
Jarry wrote novels, essays, and experimental plays, often mocking authority. He lived in poverty, drinking excessively and neglecting his health. In his final years, he influenced young artists like Picasso and Apollinaire. Jarry died of tuberculosis in 1907, leaving a lasting impact on avant-garde literature.