Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity. He also contributed to quantum mechanics, and his equation E = mcВІ became one of the most famous in science. In 1921, Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics for explaining the photoelectric effect.
Born in Ulm, Germany, he later moved to Switzerland, where he studied at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School. In 1905, Einstein published groundbreaking papers on relativity, Brownian motion, and mass-energy equivalence, revolutionizing physics. By 1915, he formulated general relativity, which predicted how gravity affects space-time.
With the rise of Nazism, Einstein emigrated to the United States in 1933, joining the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. He supported nuclear research during World War II but later became a strong advocate for peace. Einstein remained a key intellectual figure until his death in 1955, leaving a lasting impact on modern physics.